Camera Movements

Today we learnt about camera movements. We learnt how they are achieved and what effect they have on the viewer...

Tracking In 
Achieved using a dolly or a track and dolly
Draws the viewer into the action following the characters closely and smoothly

Tracking Out
Achieved using a dolly or track and dolly
Draws the viewer away from the scene, signifying that the action/dialogue is over and giving the viewer closure.

Crab Shot
Achieved by moving the camera sideways
Allows the viewer to keep pace on the action while a character is walking or moving across the scene

Tilt
Achieved by moving the camera up or down on its axis
Tilting the camera gives a sense of the subject's height. Tilting it up shows that the subject is powerful/significant and tilting it down shows that the subject is weak/powerless.

Zoom
Achieved by adjusting the camera's focal length
This moves the viewer either into or away from the action in a scene and can simulate the tracking shot if you do not have a dolly or track and dolly.

Arc
Achieved by moving the camera in a circle of semi-circle around the subject(s) using a track.
Shows the individual reactions of the subjects that the camera is circling and creates tension and the feeling of spinning out of control if done quickly.

Crane
Achieved by attaching the camera to a crane
Shows the scene from a different, vertical angle

Panning
Achieved using a tripod to move the camera from right to left, or from left to right
Allows the viewer to follow the moving action in a frame. It can also be used in conjunction with a point of view shot if a character is searching from something, to make the viewer feel involved in the search.